Ilias is a former CTO turned SEO strategist who specializes in building scalable content systems that rank, convert, and compound. He's founded multiple ventures including LinkDR (AI-powered backlinks), MagicSpace SEO (CRO-focused agency), AISEOTracker (SEO monitoring), and GenPPT (AI presentations).
He's led SEO and content projects for 50+ brands, producing growth systems that drive 300%+ organic traffic increases through systematic conversion psychology and technical optimization.
Most people collect mental models like Pokemon cards. They read about dozens of frameworks, bookmark Charlie Munger quotes, and feel intellectually satisfied—then make the same bad decisions under pressure.
Here's the brutal truth: You don't need 100 mental models. You need 5 that you actually use.
Key takeaways
Most mental models are intellectual entertainment, not decision tools
5 core frameworks handle 80% of important decisions
Each model needs a specific AI prompt template for practical application
Copy-paste these prompts directly into Claude, Cursor, or ChatGPT
Use the right model at the right decision moment
Why Most Mental Models Don't Work
I've seen executives with mental model cheat sheets make catastrophic decisions. The problem isn't knowledge—it's application under pressure.
When you're stressed about a choice, you don't browse through 47 cognitive frameworks. You need the right tool triggered at exactly the right moment.
The solution? Five battle-tested models with ready-to-use AI prompts.
The 5 Mental Models That Actually Matter
1. First Principles Thinking: Break the "Best Practice" Trap
When to use: When everyone's doing the same thing and calling it "industry standard"
The Problem: Best practices are often just "what worked before" dressed up as wisdom. They stop you from seeing breakthrough solutions.
AI Prompt Template:
Ignore all existing solutions to [your problem].
What are the 3 fundamental constraints or requirements that any solution MUST satisfy?
Now, if you had to solve this from scratch with unlimited creativity but those constraints, what would you build?
Don't reference current approaches - pretend they don't exist.
Real Example: Instead of "How do we improve our email marketing?" try "What are the fundamental requirements for getting our message to people who want it, and how could we fulfill those without email?"
2. Inversion: The Failure Prevention Machine
When to use: Before any major decision, launch, or investment
The Problem: We're wired to focus on what could go right. Inversion forces you to see the landmines before you step on them.
AI Prompt Template:
I'm considering [your decision/plan].
List 7 specific ways this could completely backfire or fail catastrophically.
For each failure mode, write a 1-line "failure autopsy report" explaining what went wrong.
Then suggest 1 concrete prevention strategy for each failure mode.
Real Example: Before launching a product, run inversion. You'll catch obvious problems like "customers don't understand the value prop" or "support team gets overwhelmed" before they kill your launch.
3. Systems Thinking: Stop Playing Whack-a-Mole
When to use: When your solutions keep creating new problems
The Problem: Linear thinking treats symptoms, not causes. You fix one thing, three new problems pop up.
AI Prompt Template:
I want to implement [your solution] to solve [your problem].
Map the system effects:
- What are 3 immediate consequences?
- What are 3 second-order effects (consequences of consequences)?
- What feedback loops will this create?
- Where will this solution eventually break the system?
- What's the root cause we're not addressing?
Real Example: "We'll reduce customer complaints by making returns harder" seems logical until systems thinking reveals you'll increase churn, damage brand trust, and create support ticket escalations.
4. Opportunity Cost: The Hidden Price of Everything
When to use: Any resource allocation decision (time, money, attention)
The Problem: We see the price tag but miss the true cost—what we can't do because we chose this.
AI Prompt Template:
If I choose [Option A], what are the 5 best alternatives I'm saying "no" to?
For each alternative, estimate:
- Potential upside I'm missing
- Resources it would require
- Why I might regret not pursuing it
What's the true opportunity cost of [Option A] when I factor in these alternatives?
Real Example: That conference looks valuable until opportunity cost analysis reveals the same time could yield 10x more value through customer interviews or product development.
5. Base Rates: Reality vs. Optimism Bias
When to use: Making any prediction or assuming "this time is different"
The Problem: We think our situation is special. Usually, it's not. Base rates ground you in historical reality.
AI Prompt Template:
I'm predicting [your prediction] will happen because [your reasoning].
Research: What's the historical success/failure rate for similar situations?
List 3 factors that make my case potentially different from the base rate.
Rate each factor: How much evidence supports it's truly different vs. just optimism bias?
Should I adjust my prediction based on base rates?
Real Example: "Our startup will succeed because we're passionate" ignores the 90% failure rate. Base rate thinking forces you to identify what specifically makes you different from the 90% who also thought they were special.
How to Actually Use These (The Implementation Guide)
Step 1: Choose Your Moment
Don't try to use all 5 models on every decision. Match the model to the decision type:
First Principles: Industry disruption, product innovation
Inversion: Risk management, launch planning
Systems Thinking: Organizational changes, process improvements
Opportunity Cost: Resource allocation, time management
Base Rates: Predictions, "special case" assumptions
Step 2: Copy-Paste Into Your AI Tool
Keep these prompts in a note-taking app. When decision time comes:
Pick the relevant model
Copy the prompt template
Replace [bracketed sections] with your specific situation
Paste into Claude, Cursor, ChatGPT, or your preferred AI
Step 3: Act on the Output
Mental models without action are just intellectual entertainment. Use the AI's analysis to:
Identify blind spots in your thinking
Generate alternatives you hadn't considered
Build prevention strategies for failure modes
Make more informed trade-offs
The Anti-Collection Mindset
Stop collecting more frameworks. Master these 5.
The goal isn't to know every mental model—it's to think better under pressure. When stakes are high and time is short, you want automatic access to the right thinking tool.
Bookmark this post. When you're facing a tough decision, come back and grab the relevant prompt. Copy-paste it into your AI tool and watch your decision quality improve.
ℹ️Note
Pro Tip: Test these prompts on past decisions first. Pick a choice you
made in the last 6 months and run it through the relevant mental model. You'll
be amazed what you missed—and confident these tools work.
Beyond Mental Models: The Real Decision Upgrade
These 5 models + AI prompts will handle 80% of your important decisions. But the real upgrade isn't knowing more frameworks—it's building the habit of stepping back and asking: "What am I not seeing here?"
The best decision-makers aren't the smartest. They're the ones who consistently use simple tools to think beyond their first instinct.
Your next decision is coming. Which of these 5 models will you use?
